Who Owns Temu?

If you shop online, you've likely noticed Temu, the fast-growing e-commerce marketplace. But the owner of Temu is a mystery to most Americans. Temu's parent company, PDD Holdings (PDD -1.48%), is one of China's largest e-commerce companies, and it's employed a similar playbook with Temu as it has with Pinduoduo, its primary business in China.

The competitor to Shein and Amazon (AMZN -1.61%) has grown rapidly by selling a wide range of bargain-priced goods in major international markets, like the U.S. It's advertised aggressively to build brand awareness and interest in its product assortment.

Temu was launched in September 2022, but its presence is already being felt by competitors, consumers, and even in the online advertising industry, where it's spent heavily on digital ads. Temu doesn't report revenue, but its traffic jumped by more than 700% in 2023, according to SimilarWeb, and its app passed TikTok as the most downloaded app in the U.S. in March 2023.

The owner

Who is the owner of Temu?

PDD Holdings, the parent company of Pinduoduo, owns Temu. Pinduoduo is a Chinese e-commerce platform that has grown rapidly in China, thanks to discount prices and a social commerce model similar to Groupon (GRPN -0.06%).

Founded in 2015, Pinduoduo is younger than both Alibaba (BABA -1.62%) and JD.com (JD -1.95%), China's leading e-commerce companies. However, it has quickly gained market share, challenging the pair for e-commerce supremacy in the world's biggest online retail market.

PDD launched Temu in September 2022 in the United States, establishing a significant overseas presence for the first time. Since then, Temu has expanded to dozens of countries around Europe, Latin America, and Africa. As of May 2024, it was doing business in more than 50 countries.

Largest shareholders

Who are the largest shareholders?

Temu is a subsidiary of PDD Holdings, so there aren't direct shareholders in Temu. However, as a publicly traded company, PDD has a wide range of shareholders, including individual and institutional investors. Let's take a look at the top shareholders at PDD Holdings.

Individuals

According to the company's annual report, only one individual was listed as a principal shareholder as of Feb. 29, 2024.

Zheng Huang, 1.41 billion shares, 25.4% ownership

Zheng Huang, also known as Colin Huang, is the co-founder and former CEO of PDD Holdings. Now a billionaire, Huang was part of the team that launched Alphabet's (GOOG 0.23%)(GOOGL 0.23%) Google in China. He also imagined Pinduoduo as a combination of Costco (COST -0.67%) and Walt Disney's (DIS 2.17%) Disneyland, a marketplace that offered not only bargain prices but also a fun experience.After founding PDD in 2015, which was Pinduoduo at the time, and running it for five years, Huang stepped down as CEO in July 2020. He gave up his chairmanship the following year, leaving him no formal position in the company. He is now working on food and life sciences research, potentially building on Pinduoduo's innovation in food distribution.

PDD also says its group of nine directors and executive officers owns a combined 62.2 million shares of the stock, 1.1% of the shares outstanding.

Institutional shareholders

Pinduoduo lists two institutional shareholders in its annual report, although third-party sites cite others. Below are the company's top five institutional shareholders.

Tencent, 783.5 million shares, 14.1% of shares outstanding

Chinese tech giant Tencent (TCEHY -2.41%), best known as the parent of Chinese super app WeChat, is also a prolific investor, holding stakes in dozens of start-ups and publicly traded companies, including e-commerce companies like JD.com and Sea Limited (SE 0.55%). It's also a major investor in PDD Holdings and Temu.

PDD calls it a collaborator, too, saying it uses WeChat and WeChat Pay in its business. Tencent CEO Haifeng Lin has also been on the PDD board of directors since 2017. Tencent became a principal shareholder in PDD in 2017, prior to PDD's U.S. initial public offering (IPO) in 2018. PDD entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Tencent in February 2018.

PDD Partners, 370.8 million shares, 6.7% of shares outstanding

PDD Partners is listed as an institutional shareholder in PDD Holdings. However, the entity is ultimately controlled by Colin Huang, the sole director of the two entities under which PDD Partners is a subsidiary. Its controlling entity is a limited liability holding company in the Virgin Islands.

Baillie Gifford, 34.8 million American Depositary Shares (ADS), 2.5% of shares outstanding

Bailie Gifford is an investment management firm based in Scotland and owns PDD in its worldwide long-term global growth fund.

BlackRock, 28.1 million ADS, 2% of shares outstanding

BlackRock (BLK 1.33%) is one of the world's largest investment managers, operating several exchange-traded funds (ETFs) under the iShares brand. It owns PDD Holdings, now one of the largest tech stocks in China, through both ETFs and mutual funds.

Vanguard Group, 24.3 million ADS, 1.8% of shares outstanding

Vanguard Group is another massive investment manager, owning shares of PDD in both its ETFs and mutual funds.

Board of directors

Who is on the board of directors of Temu?

Temu doesn't have its own board of directors. As a subsidiary of PDD Holdings, PDD's board oversees Temu. PDD has six directors on its board and three principal executive officers who are not on the board:

• Lei Chen, chairman: Chen is a founding member of the company and has been chairman since March 2021 and co-CEO since April 2023. He was CEO from July 2020 to April 2023 and its chief technology officer prior to that.
• Jiazhen Zhao, director and co-CEO: Zhao is also a founding member of the company and has been co-CEO since April 2023. He was senior vice president from 2018 to 2023. Zhao started the company's Duo Duo Grocery business and has led operations in its large agriculture business.
• Anthony Kam Ping Leung, independent director since 2019: Kam has been an independent director and chairman of the audit committee since 2019 and chairman of the compensation committee. Kam has over 30 years in the financial services industry in Asia and has served as deputy CEO of HSBC Bank (HSBC 0.77%).
• Haifeng Lin, director since 2017: Lin is the head of Tencent Financial Technology and corporate vice president of Tencent Holdings.
• Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens, independent director since 2023: Rietjens is a member of the audit committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee. She has more than 25 years of experience in food safety and is on the board of several food science organizations.
• George Yong-Boon Yeo, independent director since 2018: Yeo has been an independent director and chairman of the nominating and corporate governance committee. He served for 23 years in the government of Singapore, including as Minister for Information and the Arts, Health, Trade & Industry, and Foreign Affairs.
• Jun Liu, vice president of finance: Liu became vice president of finance in 2022 and was director of finance at the company from 2017 to 2021.
• Junyun Xiao, senior vice president of operations: In addition to serving as its operations leader since 2018, Xiao is a founding member of PDD. He was also a director from April 2018 to July 2018.
• Zhenwei Zheng, senior vice president of product development: Zheng is also a founding member of PDD and has been the senior vice president of product development since 2016. Like Xiao, Zheng was a board member for a brief stint in 2018 and worked at Baidu (BIDU -1.73%), the Chinese internet search giant, earlier in his career.

Related investing topics

How to invest

How to invest in Temu

You can't invest directly in Temu. Though, you can buy shares of PDD Holdings, its parent company, just like you would any other stock, as it's a publicly traded company.

Although PDD is a Chinese company, it's listed on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange under the stock ticker PDD. You can buy the stock from your brokerage platform by searching for that ticker and hitting the buy button.

It's worth noting that PDD doesn't currently break out Temu's results separately. Temu is thought to be significantly smaller than Pinduoduo, but it has contributed to PDD's strong growth rate since its launch. PDD's revenue more than doubled in Q4 2023 and accelerated in every quarter of 2023.

As Temu grows, PDD may report more details about it, such as revenue, and investors will likely know whether Temu turns profitable. PDD has been a winning stock for investors. Although you can't invest in only Temu as a pure play, investors interested in Temu shouldn't hesitate to buy PDD and also get exposure to Pinduoduo, which has seen soaring growth on the top and bottom lines.

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