Benefits and risks of investing in nuclear energy stocks
While nuclear energy offers tremendous potential, it's historically been an extremely perilous investment. The upsides are enormous, but so are the downsides. Here are some of the upsides:
- Massive expansion of data centers. Given the vast amounts of electricity needed to power a data center, tech giants are turning to nuclear power as a potential source of constant, baseload power.
- Government support. The volatility of fossil fuels and skepticism about renewable energy have increased federal support for nuclear power in the United States, especially when it involves obtaining permits that once took years.
- Diversification. Nuclear energy investments aren't limited to developers of massive reactor projects. Exchange-traded funds offer investors the opportunity to diversify their holdings through uranium miners, utilities, and technology companies.
That said, there are significant and real downsides:
- Cost. The average cost overrun of a new nuclear reactor exceeds 100%. The newest U.S. reactor, Plant Vogtle, was finished in 2023 -- seven years late and $17 billion over budget.
- Speculative valuations. Companies like NuScale and Oklo have attracted attention for innovative reactor designs, but remain years away from actually building a functioning plant.
- Regulation. While the current regulatory environment favors nuclear projects, the pendulum can quickly swing the other way. After the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi meltdown, Japan shut down all 54 of its reactors and didn't begin restarting any until 2015.
The bottom line
After decades of being out of favor, nuclear energy is hanging out with the popular kids again. And that's likely to be good for the world since more low-carbon energy should result in more economic opportunity, a better environment, and better health outcomes for billions of people. Nascent technologies like small-scale reactors might be appealing, too.
But before piling into nuclear energy stocks, make sure to check your biases and your reasoning. Nuclear energy is a cyclical industry that's come back into favor, so the headlines (and message boards) can make it feel like a can't-miss opportunity.
But that's far from the reality; while the secular trends look favorable, today's profits can turn into losses before you can say, "But what about last quarter?" So, step lightly and consider the risks before you buy.