Who are the top Bitcoin holders?

The biggest individual holder of Bitcoin is Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, and one of the biggest collective holders of Bitcoin is, somewhat surprisingly, the United States Government.

Does Vanguard have a Bitcoin ETF?

While Vanguard clients can purchase third-party Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency ETFs and products, as of June 2026, Vanguard has no Bitcoin ETFs or any plans to create one.

How many people hold Bitcoin?

The true number of Bitcoin holders is impossible to know. However, as of 2026, the best esitmates we have are somewhere in the range of 90-100 million people hold some amount of Bitcoin.

Who holds the most Bitcoin? A breakdown by investor, fund, companies, and country

Explore the top holders by person, country, company, ETF, and wallet -- plus how Bitcoin is distributed across millions of addresses.

By Lyle Daly – Updated Jun 25, 2026 at 6:01 PM EST | Fact-checked by Parker Hicks

Key Points

Satoshi Nakamoto holds roughly 1.1 million Bitcoin, valued over $70 billion.
The U.S. and China are top national holders, owning 198,012 and 194,000 Bitcoin respectively.
Strategy and BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin Trust are major corporate and ETF holders of Bitcoin.

One person controls more than $70 billion in Bitcoin (BTC -0.64%). A single country holds $13 billion worth of Bitcoin. From anonymous wallets to public companies and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) devoted to the original and largest cryptocurrency, Bitcoin’s ownership is concentrated and revealing. This data snapshot breaks down who owns the most Bitcoin by individual, country, company, fund, and wallet.

Who owns the most Bitcoin?

Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin, is the largest known holder of Bitcoin, with an estimated 1.1 million coins valued at more than $70 billion. Some speculate that Jack Dorsey, the founder of Twitter, Block (XYZ -1.11%), and Bluesky, is Satoshi Nakamoto. However, as of April, 2026, The New York Times, released a hefty article speculating that British cryptographer and co-founder of multiple bitcoin focused companies Adam Back is Satohsi Nakamoto. The true identity of bitcoin's inventor has never been confirmed.

The second-largest individual holders of Bitcoin are Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, who hold an estimated 70,000 Bitcoin. Early investors in crypto, the Winklevoss twins are co-founders of the Gemini crypto exchange.

Tim Draper, a venture capitalist, is estimated to own nearly 30,000 Bitcoin. He acquired his Bitcoin through an auction of the now-defunct Silk Road’s assets after they were seized by U.S. law enforcement in 2014.

Michael Saylor, the co-founder of Strategy (MSTR -2.94%), formerly known as MicroStrategy –- which is by itself one of the largest holders of BTC -- is estimated to personally own nearly 18,000 Bitcoin.

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Data source: Media reports.

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Which countries hold the most Bitcoin?

Governments have added Bitcoin to their treasuries alongside gold. The United States owns 198,012 Bitcoin, making it the largest owner among countries. However, this number is likely higher under the Trump administration.

China holds 194,000 Bitcoin despite a ban on crypto ownership and trading there. Beijing seized Bitcoin when it took down the PlusToken Ponzi scheme in 2019. There is speculation as to whether China maintained control over the Bitcoin or sold it. The country bans trading and ownership of cryptocurrency.

Smaller countries like Bhutan and El Salvador hold an outsized volume of Bitcoin relative to their size and GDP.

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Data source: Bitbo (2026).

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Which public companies hold the most Bitcoin?

Strategy, formerly known as MicroStrategy, is among the largest Bitcoin holders, with 846,842 BTC worth roughly $52 billion as of June 24, 2026. The company, in part founded by Bitcoin-enthusiast Michael Saylor, has been accumulating BTC since 2020.

Strategy isn’t the only company that has augmented its balance sheet with Bitcoin -- Metaplanet (MTPLF -2.94%), a Japanese hotel management company, and Tesla (TSLA -2.97%) have accumulated significant BTC holdings.

Along with Bitcoin treasury companies that buy Bitcoin outright, there are also Bitcoin mining companies like Riot Platforms (RIOT -14.12%) and Marathon Digital Holdings (MARA -11.69%). They're also among the largest corporate owners of BTC. However, many Bitcoin miners pivoted to AI infrastructure during the crypto downturn that started in late 2025.

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Data source: Bitbo (2026).

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Which ETFs hold the most Bitcoin?

Bitcoin ETFs were approved by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2024, offering investors a way to get exposure to Bitcoin through traditional brokerages instead of having to navigate a crypto trading exchange and crypto wallet. Since then, these funds have become among the largest holders of BTC, and many of them are among the best Bitcoin ETFs to invest in.

BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT -0.39%) holds 766,412 Bitcoin worth $44 billion as of June 25, 2026, making it the largest Bitcoin holder in the world outside of Satoshi Nakamoto, depending on how the Bitcoin founder’s holdings are estimated.

Fidelity is another traditional financial player that has embraced Bitcoin – it holds 179,801 Bitcoin in the Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund (CBOE:FBTC).

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Data source: Bitbo (2026).

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Which wallets hold the most Bitcoin?

Bitcoin wallets are digital addresses that store cryptocurrency. Their owners’ identities aren’t publicly linked to them, but their transactions are recorded on the blockchain, making wallet activity traceable even if the holders remain anonymous.

The single largest Bitcoin wallet holds 248,598 BTC, worth $15 billion, as of June 25, 2026. Even the tenth-largest wallet holds 73,522 BTC.

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Data source: BitInfo Charts (2026).

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How is Bitcoin distributed among wallets?

Bitcoin holdings among individual wallets are extremely concentrated:

0.03% of all Bitcoin addresses hold more than 100 BTC, but those wallets control more than 60% of all Bitcoin in circulation.
The four largest wallets alone hold 694,392 BTC, as of June 17, 2026.
58% of all wallets contain less than 0.001 Bitcoin, a massive disparity in ownership.

The table below shows how Bitcoin is distributed across wallet sizes. Most hold tiny fractions of Bitcoin; just a few control most of the supply.

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Data source: BitInfo Charts (2026).

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Who really owns Bitcoin?

Bitcoin ownership is highly concentrated. A handful of wallets and institutions control massive portions of the total supply, which raises questions about how decentralized the flagship cryptocurrency really is.

Corporations like Strategy, governments like the United States and China, investment firms like BlackRock (BLK -1.67%), individuals like the Winklevoss twins, and anonymous wallets own outsized shares of Bitcoin.

That doesn’t mean individual investors can’t get in on the action, but understanding the major players in the crypto market is step one.

FAQs

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About the Author

Lyle Daly is a contributing Motley Fool stock market analyst covering information technology and cryptocurrency. Lyle has been a contributor at the financial services company since 2018. His work has been featured on USA Today, Yahoo Finance, MSN, Fox Business, and Nasdaq. Before joining The Motley Fool, he wrote for financial brands including Intuit.

TMFLyleDaly

@LyleDaly

Lyle Daly has positions in Bitcoin and Tesla. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Bitcoin, BlackRock, Block, Strive Asset Management, Llc, Tesla, and iShares Bitcoin Trust. The Motley Fool recommends Coinbase Global. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

Who Holds the Most Bitcoin? A Breakdown by Investor, Fund, Company, and Country

Explore the top holders by person, country, company, ETF, and wallet -- plus how Bitcoin is distributed across millions of addresses.

Key Points

Who owns the most Bitcoin?

Which countries hold the most Bitcoin?

Which public companies hold the most Bitcoin?

Which ETFs hold the most Bitcoin?

Which wallets hold the most Bitcoin?

How is Bitcoin distributed among wallets?

Who really owns Bitcoin?

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FAQs

Who are the top Bitcoin holders?

Does Vanguard have a Bitcoin ETF?